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- Shape and Geometry: The "DP" (allegedly a particular design concept) shaped charge is a specially shaped charge for focusing the explosive energy in a practical manner. The shape is optimized for penetration through the casing, cement sheath, and into the reservoir rock for maximum depth and diameter of the perforation tunnel.
- Explosive Selection: Special high-performance explosives are selected. These explosives are selected based on their detonation speed, energy output, and stability. The appropriate explosive guarantees the shaped charge has the necessary force to form the desired perforations and is also safe to handle and deploy.
- Liner Material: The liner of the shaped charge is a material that can be successfully shaped into a jet upon detonation. Copper or a copper alloy is generally employed. The physical properties of the liner material, i.e., density and ductility, have a significant influence on the penetration performance of the shaped charge.
- Precision Machining: Parts of shaped charges, viz. casing, liner, and explosive housing, are manufactured through precision machining processes. This provides precise dimensions and close tolerances, as needed for reliable functioning.
- Explosive Loading: The explosive is loaded into the shaped charge in a controlled facility. Very strict safety precautions are followed during the procedure to avoid accidental explosion. The quantity and shape of the explosive are precisely calculated in order to give the desired energy output.
- Assembly: Following the manufacture of the individual parts and explosive loading, the shaped charge is assembled. The liner is carefully placed into the explosive housing, and all the parts are firmly attached together to provide structural integrity under detonation.
- Test Procedures: A plethora of tests are done on the DP Shaped Charges for H - 1 Perforating. Static tests for measurement of penetration depth and diameter under simulated wellbore conditions and dynamic tests under downhole wellbore conditions constitute the majority of tests done on them. Ultrasonic testing, X - ray inspection, and other non - destructive tests are used for determining internal defects in the components.
- Adherence to Standards: The procedure is in adherence to international as well as industry-specific standards like API (American Petroleum Institute) standards. This guarantees that the shaped charges are of the desired quality and safety level for application in the oil and gas sector.
- Packaging: The shaped charges are packed in special containers that offer storage and transportation protection. The packaging guards against physical damage, moisture entry, and electrostatic discharge.
- Storage Conditions: They are kept in a controlled facility, usually in a special magazine. The storage facility is kept at a suitable temperature and humidity to provide long-term stability for the explosives and the overall performance of the shaped charges.
| Shaped Charge Information | API Performance of Shaped Charges | ||||||||||
|
Gun OD |
Type |
Explosive Weight |
Explosive |
Tested Gun OD (in) [mm] |
Shot Density (spf) [spm] | Phasing |
Casing OD |
Entry Hole |
Penetration |
Data Type |
||
|
Shaped Charges for the H-1 Perforating System (Section 01) |
|||||||||||
|
2-3/4 [70] |
Super Deep Penetrating Charge |
12.0 |
HMX |
2-3/4 [70] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.36 [9.14] |
31.90 [81.03] |
API RP 19B |
||
|
Super Deep Penetrating Charge |
16.0 |
HMX |
2-3/4 [70] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.38 [9.65] |
35.94 [91.29] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
Super Deep Penetrating Charge |
18.0 |
HMX |
2-3/4 [70] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.41 [10.41] |
36.22 [92.00] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
EQUAfrac Consistent Hole Charge |
16.0 |
RDX |
2-3/4 [70] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.32 [8.13] |
25.79 [65.51] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
Big Hole Charge |
15.0 |
RDX |
2-3/4 [70] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.72 [18.29] |
4.67 [11.86] |
API RP-43 |
|||
|
3-1/8 [79] |
Super Deep Penetrating Charge |
19.0 |
HMX |
3-1/8 [79] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.38 [9.65] |
45.89 [116.56] |
API RP 19B |
||
|
Super Deep Penetrating Charge |
21.0 |
HMX |
3-1/8 [79] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.42 [10.67] |
44.19 [112.24] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
Super Deep Penetrating Charge |
22.7 |
HMX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.46 [11.68] |
41.17 [104.57] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
EQUAfrac Consistent Hole Charge |
23.0 |
HMX |
3-1/8 [79] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.40 [10.16] |
24.75 [62.87] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
Deep Penetrating Charge |
19.0 |
RDX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.41 [10.41] |
22.04 [55.98] |
API RP-43 |
|||
|
Deep Penetrating Charge |
22.7 |
HMX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.36 [9.14] |
35.63 [90.50] |
API RP-43 |
|||
|
Deep Penetrating Charge |
22.0 |
RDX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.44 [11.18] |
21.25 [53.98] |
API RP-43 |
|||
|
"Good Hole" Charge |
19.0 |
HMX |
3-1/8 [79] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.55 [13.97] |
29.18 [74.12] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
"Good Hole" Charge |
21.0 |
HMX |
3-1/8 [79] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.56 [14.22] |
29.23 [74.24] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
"Good Hole" Charge |
22.7 |
HMX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.59 [14.99] |
29.42 [74.73] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
Big Hole Charge |
22.7 |
RDX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.70 [17.78] |
6.18 [15.70] |
API RP-43 |
|||
|
Big Hole Charge |
22.0 |
RDX |
3-1/8 [79] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.68 [17] |
7.10 [18.03] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
3-3/8 [86] |
Super Deep Penetrating Charge |
19.0 |
HMX |
3-1/8 [79] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.38 [9.65] |
45.89 [116.56] |
API RP 19B |
||
|
Super Deep Penetrating Charge |
21.0 |
HMX |
3-1/8 [79] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.42 [10.67] |
44.19 [112.24] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
Super Deep Penetrating Charge |
22.7 |
HMX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.45 [11.43] |
42.21 [107.21] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
Super Deep Penetrating Charge |
26.0 |
HMX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.41 [10.41] |
50.05 [127.13] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
EQUAfrac Consistent Hole Charge |
23.0 |
HMX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
5-1/2 [140] |
0.38 [9.65] |
31.59 [80.25] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
Deep Penetrating Charge |
19.0 |
RDX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.41 [10.41] |
22.04 [55.98] |
API RP-43 |
|||
|
Deep Penetrating Charge |
22.7 |
HMX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.36 [9.14] |
35.63 [90.50] |
API RP-43 |
|||
|
Deep Penetrating Charge |
22.7 |
RDX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.44 [11.18] |
21.25 [53.98] |
API RP-43 |
|||
|
"Good Hole" Charge |
19.0 |
HMX |
3-1/8 [79] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.55 [13.97] |
29.18 [74.12] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
"Good Hole" Charge |
22.7 |
HMX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.56 [14.22] |
29.23 [74.24] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
"Good Hole" Charge |
22.7 |
HMX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.59 [14.99] |
29.42 [74.73] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
"Good Hole" Charge |
25.0 |
RDX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.57 [14.48] |
29.81 [75.72] |
API RP-43 |
|||
|
Big Hole Charge |
22.7 |
RDX |
3-3/8 [86] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.70 [17.78] |
6.18 [15.70] |
API RP-43 |
|||
|
Big Hole Charge |
22.7 |
RDX |
3-1/8 [79] |
6 [20] | 60° |
4-1/2 [114] |
0.68 [17] |
7.10 [18.03] |
API RP 19B |
|||
|
API results listed above are based on tests of conventional shaped charges |
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